What Are You Thinking? V. I Don't Know Where We Go From Here
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or Justin Bieber avatars
:frog:
I should totally grow some kind of terrible facial hair to complete my hobo image
The completed essay. Warning: Long and boring as fuck.
[quote]6: Why was Cavour more successful than Mazzini in uniting most of Italy?
The main reasons for Cavour being more successful in Italian unification was that he had more power, and could exploit a number of favourable situations. Mazzini's main role was to foster and keep alive the idea of a unified Italy.
Mazzini's attempts to bring Piedmont into the revolutionary fold failed; a letter he sent to the Piedmontese ruler Charles Albert in 1931 resulted in his being barred from entering the state under threat of arrest, and an insurrection of his in the Piedmontese army officer corps in 1833 was suppressed. Attempts by his organisation, Young Italy, to incite insurrection in Piedmont, in 1834 and 1844 both failed, 9 members of the latter attempt being executed and therefore being made martyrs for the cause. Another revolt he incited in 1853 in Milan was quickly thwarted by the Austrians. This, however, proved to be advantageous to Cavour, as I shall discuss later in the essay.
Yet another one in Naples, 1857 proved to be a dud. Poor bugger, he tried so hard.
Thus, Mazzini's physical contributions to the unification of Italy failed, but he kept the idea alive and encouraged moderates to adopt different ideas of unifying Italy, in part due to his repeated failures and extreme methods. He was seen as too extreme, and therefore had no support from politicians or the King of Piedmont.
Camillo Benso, count of Cavour, on the other hand, was a skilled politician, and had support in government and from the King. First, various reforms started in the 1850s under the government of Massimo d'Azelgio, continued under Cavour, the Catholic Church lost it's privileged status which, while irritating the Pope and Austria, drew support from many liberals, a lot of whom were nationalists who now saw Piedmont as the best hope for Italian unification.
He leaned neither to the left nor right, in his words he pursued the juste-milieu or the “middle way”, playing to either side when circumstance dictated, sometimes both at the same time. In terms of the support he got from parliament, his base of support came from the centre-left and centre-right/ Mazzini's 1853 business-as-usual revolt in Milan demonstrates his policy clearly, by supporting Austria's crushing of the rebellion yet breaking off ties with them due to property seizures of people leaving Lombardy regardless of whether they participated or not. In this manner, he raised the finger to both anarchism and despotism at once.
The Crimean War, while providing another avenue to further his agenda, was more complicated than he had anticipated. He envisioned joining the war with France and Britain against Russia and Austria. The first problem came when Austria remained neutral during the war, he could no longer politically frustrate 2 birds with 1 stone, at least not immediately.
Secondly, there was little domestic support for the war, and France and Great Britan were unwilling to commit to anything regarding Italy. Furthermore, he risked losing his job over the King's impatience to join the war, so he was forced to change tune, churn out a few more anti-clerical reforms to win against Rattazzi (the man who would've replaced him) and commit 15,000 troops to attack Russia in 1855, a year after the war started. While not apparent, the war brought great benefit to Piedmont, namely the collapse of the alliance that had existed between Russia and Austria since 1815, and thus Austria was the last remaining power defending the old status quo.
The most significant of his activities involved secretly meeting with the French president, Napoleon III, to discuss waging war against Austria. The meeting, which was kept in utmost secrecy to the point Cavour used a false passport, resulted in a pact in 1859 that, should Austria initiate hostilities, France will enter the war on Piedmont's side. Cavour enlisted the aid of Garibaldi to give the war a more Italian appearance (while withholding that little bit of info about handing over his hometown of Nice to the French at the end of the war).
Later on, as the springs in the bear trap started to rust due to Napoleon's interest waning due to diplomatic pressure by Britain and Russia, Austria triggered the trap by demanding that Piedmont immediately disarm. Piedmont refused, and Austria as a result declared war. Shortly following the Austrian invasion, France declared war on them.
Despite a few early victories, Austria's position in Lombardy was still looking strong, and with forces on the Rhine preparing to force France into a 2 front war, Napoleon prepared for peace behind Cavour's back. The treaty eventually agreed on called for a return to the status quo before the war, something Cavour had a go at the king of Piedmont for, as he refused to continue the war without France.
Fortunately for Piedmont, most of the terms ended up not being carried out and thus Piedmont ended up gaining Lombardy. Nationalist revolts in Tuscany, Parma and Modena prompted the flight of their rulers, and unrest in the northern Papal state of Romagna caused Austrian troops to leave, giving Magenta, Parma, Modena and Romagna the opportunity to join and form the brief state of Emilia.
The treaty of Turin, between France and Piedmont, prompted by domestic and British pressure on Napoleon, gave Piedmont Tuscany and Emilia in exchange for Nice (something that Garibaldi never forgave Cavour for) and Savoy.
The next set of political upheavals, in the space of 6 months, truly united Italy, but Cavour's contributions here become much sparser as his position was very fragile. He refused to supply Garibaldi on his expedition for fear one of his targets may be the Papal States which, if he was shown as aiding in that, would set unto him a potentially devastating international backlash. The catch to stopping aid to him was that if he outright stopped him, the public reaction would be even worse than it already was. Indeed, the king Victor Emmanuel was considering forming a new government entirely and providing support to Garibaldi.
Cavour was forced to let Garibaldi go, so he went off and conquered Sicily and, after civil unrest in the Papal States, gave Piedmont a reason to invade to prevent Garibaldi from doing just so. Afterwards, Garibaldi met the Piedmontese king and famously greeted him as the King of Italy, and handed over his conquered territory.
In conclusion, while Mazzini fostered the romantic nationalist idea of a unified Italy, Cavour did much to make that a reality, though that may have not been his intention.[/quote]
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[img]http://filesmelt.com/dl/animation30.png[/img]
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[QUOTE=Lithifold;19829228]"I'm sorry I burnt the cooking, I was too distracted with getting married to you"
:colbert:[/QUOTE]
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[QUOTE=Dummkopf;19830992]Suttles, I made your snipah avatar
[img]http://filesmelt.com/dl/animation30.png[/img]
Took me half an hour you better use it nigga :smugdog:[/QUOTE]
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[QUOTE=KSI;19831046]Your sniper is sitting there aiming. Doing nothing...[/QUOTE]
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[QUOTE=Parakon;19831065]that's some bomb pixel art dummkopf[/QUOTE]
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[QUOTE=KSI;19831023]Holy shit, I know you![/QUOTE]
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[QUOTE=RawRKat!90;19831135]How well do you know me?
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[QUOTE=HookerVomit;19831179]i really want some caramel drink in my mouth right now[/QUOTE]
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